![]() Leukocyte: CD45 Myeloid: CD11b Macrophages: CD68 Dendritic Cells: CD11c Neutrophils: CD16 Eosinophils: CD193 Mast cells: CD117 Lymphoid: B Lymphocytes: CD19 T Lymphocytes: CD3 Natural Killer: CD56 1Ĭyclic, hormonal, temporal dynamics, pathologic relevanceĮndothelial cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cellsīranching medullary spirals to cortical arcadesĮndothelial cells: VE-Cadherin Pericytes: PDGFRB Smooth muscle cells: α-SMA 2ĭynamic role of oxygen tension, pathologic role and management in PCOSĬommunication, can regulate hormone secretion and vasoconstriction 3 Throughout stroma, around theca vasculature Macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, B Lymphocytes, T Lymphocytes, Natural Killer cells General and ovary-specific components of the ovarian stroma. What is known about the multiple cell types and components of the stroma is detailed subsequently. Instead, when feasible, we recommend more specific descriptions like ‘stromal macrophages’ to refer to individual components of the stromal compartment. We also want to highlight that the term ‘stromal cells’ does not refer to a single homogenous cell population. For the purpose of this review, we will interpret the ovarian stroma as the broadly inclusive non-follicular components of the ovary. Some studies have used the broad terms ‘ovarian interstitial stroma’ or ‘theca interstitial cells’ (TICs) to refer to the heterogeneous stromal compartment (e.g. In addition to these cell types, ovarian extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells and is a key component of the stroma ( Berkholtz et al. 2015), a majority of incompletely characterized stromal cells that includes the fibroblast-like, spindle-shaped, and interstitial cells ( Reeves 1971), and possibly other cell types not included in this list. 1970), ovarian stem cells ( Hummitzsch et al. 2001), tunica albuginea ( Reeves 1971), intraovarian rete ovarii ( Wenzel & Odend’hal 1985), hilar cells ( Neilson et al. These ovary-specific components include ovarian surface epithelium ( Auersperg et al. 2010), as well as ovary-specific components. 1970), and lymphatic vessels ( Brown et al. 2004), blood vessels ( Reeves 1971), nerves ( Neilson et al. The ovarian stroma is comprised of general components such as immune cells ( Wu et al. Conceptualizing the stroma as the inverse of the parenchyma, the ovarian stroma thus refers to the components of the ovary that are not ovarian follicles. Ovarian follicles, which are the functional units of the ovary, comprise the ovarian parenchyma. Organs are comprised of two components: (1) the parenchyma, or the specialized tissue that performs the function of the organ, and (2) the stroma, which is typically the supporting tissue ( Young et al. What is the ovarian stroma and what does it do? This is followed by a discussion of key areas for further research regarding the ovarian stroma, including elucidating theca cell origins, understanding stromal cell hormone production and responsiveness, investigating pathological conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), developing artificial ovary technology, and using technological advances to further delineate the multiple stromal cell types. This review combines foundational and emerging scholarship regarding the structures and roles of the different components of the ovarian stroma in normal physiology. The stroma also includes ovarian extracellular matrix components. The ovarian stroma includes more general components such as immune cells, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels, as well as ovary-specific components including ovarian surface epithelium, tunica albuginea, intraovarian rete ovarii, hilar cells, stem cells, and a majority of incompletely characterized stromal cells including the fibroblast-like, spindle-shaped, and interstitial cells. Ovarian follicles, which are the functional units of the ovary, comprise the ovarian parenchyma, while the ovarian stroma thus refers to the inverse or the components of the ovary that are not ovarian follicles. Historically, research in ovarian biology has focused on folliculogenesis, but recently the ovarian stroma has become an exciting new frontier for research, holding critical keys to understanding complex ovarian dynamics. ![]()
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